高亚洲地区冰崩灾害的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

胡文涛  姚檀栋  余武生  杨威  高杨 《冰川冻土》2018,40(6):1141-1152

在全球气候变化的背景下,冰崩灾害极有可能成为人类面临的新常态。特别是在高亚洲地区,冰崩灾害事件严重威胁"亚洲水塔"的命运和"第三极"的生态安全。因此,研究冰崩灾害事件对于保障"一带一路"国家战略的顺利实施和保护"一带一路"沿线国家的生产与生存环境具有重要的现实意义。通过梳理历史上有记录的几次冰崩灾害事件,系统介绍冰崩的发生过程;再从冰崩体的物质组成、冰崩体的运动特征、冰崩发生的可能原因以及冰崩的影响等方面总结了冰崩的研究内容;重点阐述了冰崩的研究方法;最后讨论了当前冰崩研究存在的问题,并从冰崩研究方法等角度展望了未来冰崩灾害事件的研究方向。  相似文献   

深部地质钻探钻柱失效行为分析          下载免费PDF全文

王志刚  梁健  刘秀美 《探矿工程》2018,45(12):28-31,46

国家的“三深一土”规划确定全面开展深地探测,而在深地探测中钻柱是最重要的连接纽带,其长期在充满钻井液的井眼内工作,受力十分复杂,且受腐蚀、磨损、温度等影响,极易发生钻柱失效事故,造成重大经济损失。研究发现,振动是引起钻柱失效的主要原因,但是深部地质钻探中除了振动引起钻柱失效外,还包括钻柱质量因素、人为因素、钻井质量、套管下入因素、测斜因素以及钻井液因素引起的钻柱失效,本文针对这些影响因素提出了对应的预防措施。同时随着地质钻探井深的不断加深,地质钻探钻柱动力学研究会变得越来越重要,这就需要地质钻探人员在充分考虑地质钻探钻柱失效影响因素的前提下,加大对地质钻探钻柱动力学的研究,以更好地保证深部地质钻探的顺利进行。  相似文献   

川西坳陷东坡沙溪庙组气藏成藏演化模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐敏  刘建  林小云  熊山  牛斌莉 《现代地质》2018,32(5):953

川西坳陷东坡气藏主力产层为沙溪庙组,其圈闭类型以构造-岩性圈闭为主,多为致密砂岩储层,但断层发育,有效改善了储层物性,断砂匹配样式与构造演化对油气成藏过程有重要影响。基于前人已有的认识,通过沙溪庙组气藏成藏动力演化、气水分布特征及生烃期次分析,结合构造演化、成藏幕次等研究,认为沙溪庙组天然气成藏受构造古隆起、断砂配置、储层物性、构造演化影响,形成了“构造控向、断砂控运、储层控藏、演化控调”的成藏演化模式,同中存异,高庙子地区古构造的控制作用更为明显,而中江地区岩性控制作用占主导。沙溪庙组气藏间歇性充注具“燕山期三幕成藏,喜山期调整改造”的成藏特征,多期构造演化和较强的储层非均质性影响了含气饱和度,导致沙溪庙组气藏分布、气藏产能差异大。  相似文献   

Isotope Geochronologic and Geochemical Constraints on the Magmatic Associations of the Collisional Orogenic Zone in the West Kunlun Orogen,China     

WANG Chan  LIU Hao  DENG Jianghong  LIU Xianfan  ZHAO Fufeng  WANG Chun  TIAN Xin 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):482-498

The Jiajiwaxi pluton in the southern portion of the West Kunlun Range can be divided into two collision–related intrusive rock series, i.e., a gabbro–quartz diorite–granodiorite series that formed at 224±2.0 Ma and a monzonitic granite–syenogranite series that formed at 222±2.0 Ma. The systematic analysis of zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk geochemistry is used to discuss the magmatic origin(material source and thermal source), tectonic setting, genesis and geotectonic implications of these rocks. The results of this analysis indicate that the parent magma of the first series, representing a transition from I-type to S-type granites, formed from thermally triggered partial melting of deep crustal components in an early island–arc–type igneous complex, similar to an I-type granite, during the continental collision orogenic stage. The parent magma of the second series, corresponding to an S-type granite, formed from the partial melting of forearc accretionary wedge sediments in a subduction zone in the late Palaeozoic–Triassic. During continued collision, the second series magma was emplaced into the first series pluton along a central fault zone in the original island arc region, forming an immiscible puncture-type complex. The deep tectonothermal events associated with the continent–continent collision during the orogenic cycle are constrained by the compositions and origins of the two series. The new information provided by this paper will aid in future research into the dynamic mechanisms affecting magmatic evolution in the West Kunlun orogenic belt.  相似文献   

Policy mobilities,territorial knowledge dynamics and the role of KIBS: Exploring conceptual synergies of formerly discrete approaches     

《Geoforum》2018

Although contemporary policy making is substantially affected by consultants, little is known about the interconnection of their role inside policy making networks and their key product – knowledge. This paper matches the approaches on Policy Mobilities (PM) and Territorial Knowledge Dynamics (TKD) to fill this theoretical gap. By exploring the synergies of both concepts, a research agenda is suggested that enables to investigate the multi-facetted entanglements of knowledge and policy making dynamics as well as what stake consultants have in this complex assemblage. Accordingly, this paper claims appreciation of ‘variegated consultocracies’ rather than global homogeneity of consultants’ engagement in policy making processes by explicating better integration of ‘scale, ‘time’, and actors’ embeddedness into PM. The paper thus primarily aims to provide a solid theoretical and methodological basis for exploring the complex dynamics consultants take part in, and how they in turn impact policy making processes.  相似文献   

珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区湖泊动态及对区域气候变化的响应     

王毅  李景吉  韩子钧  彭培好 《冰川冻土》2018,40(2):378-387

利用Landsat卫星影像,采用面向对象分类方法提取珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区湖泊信息,分析了湖泊动态及对区域气候变化的响应关系。结果表明：（1）2015年保护区湖泊总面积为489.07 km²,构造湖、河成湖、冰川湖分别占总面积的77.3%、2.6%、20.1%。（2）1975-2015年,保护区内各类湖泊面积变化速率不同,冰川湖最大（1.05 km²·a^-1）,构造湖次之（-0.85 km²·a^-1）,河成湖最稳定（0.013 km²·a^-1）;保护区南坡冰川湖面积变化速率（0.53 km²·a^-1）略大于北坡（0.52 km²·a^-1）。（3）北坡构造湖、河成湖对区域气候的响应呈阶段性变化规律,1975-2000年珠峰地区气候呈暖湿化趋势,2000年构造湖、河成湖面积达到峰值,两类总计增加22.8 km²;2000-2015年转变为显著的暖干气候,构造湖、河成湖面积均呈减少趋势,总共减少57.16 km²。随着区域气候的变暖,冰川湖总面积不断扩大,近40年间冰川湖面积累计增加43.06 km²。（4）灰色关联度分析显示,年极端低温对构造湖面积变化影响最显著,年均气温对冰川湖起主导作用,年均相对湿度对河成湖影响最大。较其他气候因子而言,降水量对各类湖泊面积变化的影响均最小。  相似文献   

Geodynamic setting,structure, and composition of continuous trachybasalt-trachyandesite-rhyolite series in the north of Altai-Sayan area: the role of crust-mantle interaction in continental magma formation     

A.A. Vorontsov  O.Yu. Perfilova  N.N. Kruk 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(12):1640-1659

The geologic positions and geochemical and isotope parameters of the Ordovician-early Silurian and Early-Middle Devonian continuous volcanic series of the Minusa basin and its mountainous framing are compared. Both series are composed mostly of moderately alkaline rocks with variations in SiO₂ contents from 45 to 77 wt.%. The Ordovician-early Silurian series differs from the Early-Middle Devonian one in lower contents of TiO₂ (< 1.7 wt.%) and Fe₂O_3tot and higher contents of Al₂O₃ in all rock varieties and in the more fractionated REE patterns of trachybasalts. The compositions of both series reflect two simultaneous mechanisms of magma evolution. The main process was fractional crystallization leading to the formation of rocks from trachybasalts to trachyrhyodacites. The accessory mechanism was the contamination of fractionated melts by crustal material, anatectic melting of crust, and mixing of deep-seated magmas with crustal melts. These processes had specifics at each stage and were controlled by the composition of the sources of parental melts. Their geochemical and isotopic parameters (high alkalinity, high contents of lithophile elements, negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and enrichment in radiogenic Sr) point to the interaction of mantle plumes with the lithospheric mantle that was metasomatically transformed during the preceding Vendian-early Cambrian subduction processes.  相似文献   

Nonlinear pulsations of horizontal jets     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

A shallow-water model with horizontally nonuniform density is used to study the dynamics of jet flows that arise under the influence of buoyancy and the Coriolis force. Within this approach, the jet is described by a self-similar compactly-localized solution and interpreted as a band of shear flow having a temperature contrast with the ambient fluid. In addition to stationary states, the dynamics of such jets admit cyclonic rotation with a constant angular velocity and transverse nonlinear pulsations. The phase portrait corresponding to this model shows that regimes with pulsating jets develop along closed trajectories bounded by the separatrix loop. The theory predicts that the period for warm jet pulsations is longer than the inertial oscillation period caused by the Earth’s rotation, while for cold jet pulsations, it is shorter. Thus, only warm jets can have a noticeable effect on the atmospheric dynamics in the synoptic range. In particular, they may well be responsible for additional spectral peaks that appear in this range of wind speed fluctuations.  相似文献   

湘南香花岭锡铅锌多金属矿田的云母类型及对成矿的指示     

高粉粉  李凯旋  冷成彪 《地质论评》2022,68(4):1320-1344

湘南癞子岭花岗质复式岩体是香花岭锡铅锌多金属矿田的主要成矿岩体,其中云母广泛出现在各期次岩（矿）体之中。笔者等在对癞子岭岩体岩相学研究的基础上,开展全岩主微量元素地球化学分析,同时对岩浆成因云母（花岗岩中的云母）、热液成因云母（矿化云英岩、晶洞矿物集合体以及条纹岩中的云母）进行了电子探针分析。结果表明,癞子岭岩体为一套高钾钙碱性—钾玄质、准铝质—过铝质花岗岩,癞子岭岩体中的云母主要为铁锂云母,从早期到晚期,呈现出FeO和Al2O3含量降低,K2O、F、MnO和Rb2O含量升高,且Pb、Zn、Fe等成矿元素含量逐渐增加的特征。热液成因云母分为以下两种： ① 产于矿化云英岩和晶洞矿物集合体中的云母主要形成于流体出溶的早期,无围岩组分参与,云母类型由铁锂云母演化为锂云母,主要沉淀Fe、Zn、Pb、Mo等成矿元素;② 产于条纹岩中的云母晚于矿化云英岩和晶洞矿物集合体中的云母,有围岩组分参与,云母类型由黑鳞云母变为富镁黑云母和富铁黑云母再变为金云母,主要沉淀Fe、Sn和W等成矿元素。随着流体演化,云母呈现SiO2、F、K2O含量逐渐降低,MgO含量逐渐升高,相应的成矿元素从富Fe 、Zn、Pb、Mo逐渐过渡到富Fe 、Sn和W。  相似文献   

山地冰川演化与冰湖发育相互作用机制北大核心CSCD     

王琼  王欣  雷东钰  殷永胜  魏俊锋  张勇 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):1041-1052

冰川-冰湖耦合过程是冰冻圈物质与能量循环的重要组成部分,系统刻画冰川演化与冰湖发育过程的相互作用机制,对于完善冰冻圈科学理论体系和认知冰川作用区变化规律、水循环模式和灾害效应具有重要意义。本文立足山地冰川演化和冰湖发育过程,系统归纳了冰川-冰湖相互作用研究进展,剖析了冰川作用与冰湖发育耦合机制及相关模型的应用,并对现有冰川演化与冰湖发育过程耦合机制研究存在的不足与挑战进行解析和总结。冰川-冰湖耦合过程的深入研究有助于提高数值模拟的可信度与精度,为评估冰川-冰湖耦合过程影响、建立灾害监测预警体系和采取适应性措施提供数据与理论基础。  相似文献